Burrard Inlet () is a shallow-sided fjord in the northwestern Lower Mainland, British Columbia, Canada.
Burrard Inlet opens west into the Strait of Georgia between Point Atkinson and Point Grey. Vancouver's Downtown Peninsula protrudes northwesterly into the inlet, separating it into the wide outer Burrard Inlet to the west and the elongated inner Burrard Inlet to the east. The southeastern portion of the outer inlet is an open bay known as English Bay, which has a narrow eastern inlet called False Creek. The strait between Prospect Point and the just east of the Capilano River river mouth, which connects the inlet's outer and inner sections, is known as the First Narrows, traversed by the Lions Gate Bridge. The inner inlet then widens into Vancouver Harbour, which hosts the Port of Vancouver, Canada's largest port.
At the eastern end of the harbour, Burrard Inlet narrows again into a strait between Burnaby Heights and the mouth of the Seymour River, known as the Second Narrows, which is traversed by the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge and the Second Narrows Rail Bridge. After the Second Narrows, it widens again and continues east until the headland near Dollarton, where it splits into two arms. The longer arm, known as Indian Arm, extends northerly between Mount Seymour and Eagle Mountain until it meets the River delta of Indian River mouth. The shorter arm, known as Port Moody Arm or Moody Inlet, courses further east for another past a strait (traversed only by overhead powerlines) between Burnaby Mountain and the cliff of Belcarra Regional Park. Port Moody Arm is almost completely encompassed by the City of Port Moody.
History
What is now known as Burrard Inlet has been home to the Indigenous peoples of the Musqueam,
Squamish people and Tsleil-waututh Bands, who have resided in this territory for thousands of years. In 1791, the first European explorers in the region, Juan Carrasco and José María Narváez, sailing under orders of Francisco de Eliza, entered the western part of the inlet in their ship,
Santa Saturnina. They failed to find the
Fraser River, mistaking the lowland of the river's delta as a major inlet of the sea, which they named Canal de Floridablanca.
John Kendrick (1990). 087062203X, The Arthur H. Clark Company. 087062203X
This led to one of the prime objectives of the 1792 expedition of Dionisio Alcalá Galiano, which was to determine the exact nature of the Canal de Floridablanca. Galiano spent many days exploring the general area, realizing that there was a great river there and sighting Burrard Inlet itself on June 19, 1792. Just days later, the inlet was again named by Captain
George Vancouver, after his friend and former shipmate Captain Harry Burrard Neale.
[Bartroli, Thomas. Genesis of Vancouver City. Vancouver: (Self-published). 1997]
In 1888, the inlet was described in The British Columbia Pilot published by the British Admiralty as follows.
Geography
The inlet runs almost directly east from the Strait of Georgia to
Port Moody. About two-thirds of the way east from the mouth of the inlet, the steep-sided
Indian Arm branches off to the north between
Belcarra and Deep Cove on into the
Pacific Ranges.
Near the mouth of the inlet, a small section of the inlet along the curved stretch of the Burrard Peninsula is named English Bay. From English Bay, a small inlet named False Creek branches off to the east and incises the peninsula.
Extent
The extent of Burrard Inlet is defined as a line between
Lighthouse Park and
Point Grey on the west, the end of Port Moody Arm on the east, and the head of
Indian Arm on the north.
The inlet is about long from the Strait of Georgia to
Port Moody, or about from the Strait of Georgia to the head of Indian Arm.
Settlements
Settlements on the shores of Burrard Inlet include Vancouver, West Vancouver, North Vancouver,
Burnaby, and Port Moody. Three bridges, the First Narrows Bridge (alias Lions Gate Bridge) (built in the 1930s), the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing (1960) and the CNR railway bridge (1969) at the Second Narrows, and the
SeaBus passenger ferry, cross the inlet. Aside from just east of the inlet's mouth (where it includes English Bay), it is widest (about ) between the First and Second Narrows, also the busiest part of Vancouver's port.
Port of Vancouver
Protected from the open ocean, the calm waters of Burrard Inlet form Vancouver's primary port area, an excellent one for large ocean-going ships. While some of the shoreline is residential and commercial, much is port-industrial, including railyards, terminals for container and bulk cargo ships, grain elevators, and (towards the eastern end) oil refineries. Freighters waiting to load or discharge cargoes in the inlet often anchor in English Bay, which lies south of the mouth of the inlet and is separated from it by Vancouver's downtown peninsula and
Stanley Park.
On the main inlet, a few park areas remain forested as they were centuries ago, but the steep slopes of Indian Arm are so impassable that most have seen no development, despite the proximity of such a major city. Only in 2003 was a rough wilderness hiking trail around the whole of Indian Arm completed, and it was the work of one man over many years.
Major crossings
The major crossings of Burrard Inlet, from west to east, are as follows:
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Lions Gate Bridge
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SeaBus
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Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, or
External links
